Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is Witchcraft?
Witchcraft is the continuation of the practice of the native religions and cultural beliefs of the ancient Europeans as they continued to be passed down and followed, generation after generation, after the advent of Christianity. Witchcraft is the name that was given to these practices by the Christian Church and was not the name by which those who followed these beliefs and practices originally called their religion. Before the Christian invasions of Old Europe, the people who followed a religion were just believers who lived a natural way of life. There were special roles within a family and a community. These positions often involved law enforcement, settling of domestic disputes, counseling, omen consultation, blessings, administration of medication, keeping the calendar, clergy duties and such. There are names for those who took these positions, but the name changes with the area.
People continued, even under persecution, to worship their Ancient Gods. These religions often dominated in the more remote areas, and tended to localize themselves to specific regional areas, or were kept within the members of a family. In these families, the traditions of the religion and their way of life were passed down from generation to generation. Many were forced to masquerade under the cover of Christianity, even though they were not truly Christian. Ireland, however, was never touched by the Inquisition, and for the most part was free from witch-hunters in general. This allowed many practitioners of Witchcraft to continue their worship fairly unhindered. Some people who follow these native religions of Europe do not refer to themselves as Witches. The term "Witch" is something that was placed upon these beliefs. However, using the term "Witchcraft" is an easy way to collectively identify these religious beliefs and those who follow them.
2. Stance on Wicca
Traditional Witches believe that everyone has the right to their own beliefs. We believe that people, regardless of their religion, should understand their chosen religion and why they believe as they do. Today, far too many people are ignorant of their religion and rely on poorly documented books and authors to instruct them on what they claim to be their beliefs. The following information will hopefully help those who truly seek to learn, to question their own religious paradigm. The key element to any religion is to truly understand your beliefs.
3. Do we practice witchcraft Naked or “Skyclad”?
Actually, no we don’t. Well some people might if it is their preference, but there is nothing to say that you must, and to be honest it’s a kind of silly notion. Let’s face it, the forces we deal with will not really be that impressed by you are naked prancing and screaming. They will probably be either laughing or offended. So let’s just not bother with this one shall we and let the Wiccan’s get on with it.
4. Can I use Witchcraft for personal gain?
Read a few pre-New-Age books on the occult (at least 30 years old), and you'll realize that it's absurd to think otherwise. After all, Witchcraft originated from ancient desires for such things as wealth, power, and pleasure, not just for spiritual exploration.
5. What are the consequences of Witchcraft?
After hearing dozens of "monkey's paw"-type stories as a child, you've been trained to think that selfish people will be punished by some sort of subtle, clever twist of Fate. If only reality was that efficient -- we wouldn't need prisons! In truth, magic is only self-malicious if you expect it to be (just as government spies don't follow you around unless you're paranoid-delusional). Still, if you go out looking for trouble, you're likely to find it. My advice is to act as a witch as you should act anyway - with honor and responsibility.
6. How is Witchcraft related to Paganism?
The term Paganism is used in contemporary times to refer to nature oriented religions which recognize the male and female duality which is found within Nature, regarding duotheism and polytheism. Paganism is an umbrella concept which encompasses many religions from sects of Traditional Witchcraft, Germanic Heathens, to Neo- Pagan Druidism and Wicca. Witchcraft is one of the several religions which fit under the umbrella of Paganism.
Some of the older Europeans which are considered to be "Pagan" do not refer to themselves as such. The reason for this is because the term Pagan to some refers to an unenlightened one. Instead, they will often refer themselves Heathens.
7. Is Witchcraft the same thing as Wicca?
No. Wicca and Witchcraft are two separate religions and ways of life. Wicca was founded by Gerald Gardner in the late 1930's. It is comprised of Western European folk traditions, Eastern philosophy, and Cabbalistic mysticism. Although initially Wicca was based more in magickal pursuits, it has developed into a more spiritual organized religion. Today, Wicca can be seen as an eclectic system of beliefs with an underlying static ritual and ethics base. Although some traditions in Wicca may cater to a specific culture, the rituals and ethics will still have this commonality which identifies it as being Wiccan. There is little self-reliance within the Wicca, there is no required inner contemplation, and instead the practitioners are encouraged to do what is done because this is how it was done before, because this is what this book says. Without the absence of dogma, no path is valid in ultimate cohesiveness- instead, socially controlling religions are born Witchcraft is heavily based in traditions. There is no Wiccan Rede, Watchtowers, or the concept of self-initiation. There is, however, some form of initiation or rite of passage, a strong concept of the Homeland, and lineage of the Bloodline of the Ancestors. Many Wiccans incorrectly refer to themselves as Witches. However, someone who practices Witchcraft will either refer to themselves as being a Witch, or will use another manner of description altogether. What they will not say however, is that they are Wiccan.
8. Do all Witches practice magick?
No. Magick is a tool, and as a tool, it can be used within any religion. Some people who follow the religion of Witchcraft do not practice magick, just as some people who follow the religion of Buddhism do not practice magick. It would be inaccurate to say that magick has nothing to do with Witchcraft. However, there are those who choose not to practice magick. Foremost, Witchcraft is a magickal-spirituality.
9. Are male Witches called warlocks?
In an attempt to ostracize those who followed the old religions from the realms of popular society, the Church categorized Witches as warlocks. The word "warlock" translates as the Scottish Gaelic term for a liar, oathbreaker, back-stabber, or someone generally not to be trusted. Many people use this as a term for a male Witch in contemporary society, but any Witch referred to as such will be greatly insulted by the term. Those who use the term "warlock" should not be trusted for information because they are either ignorant of the term and not knowledgeable about the Craft, or they are most likely teenagers involved with pseudo-Satanism who think that name sounds cool.
In ancient Europe if someone betrayed a Witches family, the members might mark them as a warlock by taking a blade and slashing them across the forehead so that everyone who met the person would recognize them as such and would know not to trust that person. Interestingly enough, this same technique of marking was used by the Church to designate someone who was a Witch and was done to render their magick impotent.
10. Can I be born a Witch?
Yes and No. To become a Witch, one must become a practitioner of the religion. Different traditions have different methodology for becoming a part of their tradition. For most, this involves some form of self-dedication to the Ancient Gods. Even for those born into a Family Tradition, a conscious decision to follow the Old Ways must be made. But many witches consider the soul of a witch unique, which in some traditions of Witchcraft is a requirement.
11. What are some common, basic beliefs in Witchcraft?
Witchcraft is comprised of many individual traditions that may differ greatly from one another at times. However, there are some key elements which most traditions follow. One is the keeping of secrets and the Mysteries. There are some things which have not been written in a book and never will be. There is usually some form of initiation or rite of passage, although it may or may not be referred to as such. For some who are a part of Family Traditions, this is followed through certain rites which occur when an individual reaches specific times within their life cycle. For others, the rite of passage may be done after an individual has completed a time of study along with specified tasks.
12. What Gods do Witches worship?
The Gods and Goddesses are seen as the polytheistic male and female aspects of Nature. They do not reign over the Universe; they instead are the Universe itself. Most of the early inhabitants of Europe followed Gods and Goddesses, even though there might be many more deities in their particular pantheon. Often times the particular Old Ones someone followed would reflect some important aspect of their life such as their occupation, location, or path in life. The Gods are not omnipotent. They have egos and what we would consider to be human characteristics.
13. Who are the Ancestors?
Witches also look to the Ancestors, or those who have gone before. The Ancestors have different names in different cultures, but the concept is the same. Witches often consult the Ancestors for advice and help. Sometimes the Ancestors can also be called on as guardians as well as advisors. We sometimes even offer them gifts and leave food out for them. The Ancestors, although not Gods, are respected and honored.
14. What is the Otherworld?
The Otherworld is a term used to refer to the realm where the Ancestors, Old Ones, and other spirits dwell. Most traditions within Witchcraft recognize the Otherworld, although the name used to identify it might be different. The realm of the Otherworld is often seen as being the place that lies beyond the five physical senses, and just beyond the boundary of our dreams. In Pagan-Heathen cultures, it is seen as being the realms of the Spirits of the Dead and Spirits of the Land. There are places which are commonly recognized as being Hallowed Land where the two worlds might converge upon one another; the Sacred Land are trees, hills, lakes, rivers, caverns, wells, and areas covered in thick mists.
15. What is a tradition in relation to Witchcraft?
A tradition is the system or variety of Witchcraft that someone follows. Sometimes a tradition will have a specific name, which usually is in the language of the relevant Pagan-Heathen tribal culture. More commonly, however, the name of the tradition is simply that of the culture from which that system of beliefs stems from.
A Family Tradition is a term used to refer to those whose tradition is followed and passed down within their family. Those who are from family traditions have often grown up with Witchcraft as part of their everyday lives. However, this is not always the case as some families permit seekers to come and learn their ways.
16. What is a Path in relation to Witchcraft?
A path is used to refer to the specific life goals that someone has within their tradition and in their Family. A path can usually be defined by taking into account a person's interests, career choice, motivations, and goals in life. The Gods or Goddesses which a person chooses to follow are determined by their path in life.
17. What is the Homeland?
It was believed by the early inhabitants of Europe that the Old Ones they worshipped inhabited the Land itself. Many were migratory people, and so as they traveled across the continent they took their Gods with them. As they traveled, though, these people often looked toward the North Star, Polaris, for guidance. It was a fixed point in the night sky that they used as a reference point.
When these early Europeans wished to honor their Gods and Ancestors, they created a connection between their Homeland, the Mythical Homeland where their Gods and the Ancestors resides, and the Land where they stood. In this way, the new Land became a part of the Homeland. The elemental correspondences to the cardinal directions act as a way of aligning yourself with the Homeland.
17. What is the elemental correspondence to the cardinal directions, and why is it used?
These correspondences help to align the Witch to the Homeland. Most early Europeans were migratory peoples and used the North Star, the Even Star or the Morning Star, as a reference point in the night skies. The exact set of correspondences differed from area to area, as each region differed in its geography, climate, and cultural beliefs.
Not all Witches use elemental correspondences to the cardinal directions. Some worship their Gods at specific locations, and others have a different set of elements and relationships to those elements. An example would be those people of certain Celtic Traditions who instead use Land, Sky, and Sea, (the Three Worlds of the World Tree) and preferably worship on a cliffside near the ocean where the three worlds of these elements meet together as one. However, this is not as strange as it may seem, as the correspondences change when one is actually within the Homeland. When within the Homeland itself, the land is already around you.
18. What ritual tools do Witches use?
There are a wide variety of tools which Witches use. Each tradition, though, uses a different set of tools. Perhaps the ritual tool used the most is the sacred blade. Some traditions use common items used in everyday life, where as other traditions demand that the tools be hand-crafted by the person for the specific use in ritual. Some of the other more commonly used tools used are the stang or staff, the cup or horn cup, the cauldron, the wand, the cord, the besom, the stone, the horn or the bell, and the sword or spear.
The Stang has two forms: the horned staff and the scarecrow. The stang looks just like a forked staff or topped with animal horns. The stang in it's form as a scarecrow is a wooden cross with the skull at the top of some horned animal (horse, goat or deer), wearing a white linen shirt. This is the stang which is often used on Hallowed Land. It's function is most often that of a boundary marker and as a tool for connecting to the Homeland. It connects more than one Homeland together and allows one to transverse them.
The Cord is used to hallow an area and the witch’s implements. It’s color in most traditions denotes those who have certain roles of the clan or household (path in life) in the Old Craft. It is used for a wide variety of things, such as Handfastings. Sometimes there are even dances which are done with the cords linked together.
The Llech, or Godstane, has several different forms and uses. Often it is used as a foundation, and is used to stand on, or is used as a Hearthstone. It can also take the form of a Hagstone or Godstone.
The Arthame is symbolic of many things, but firstly, it is symbolic of the phallus and the plow. Both of these things are driven into something to make it fertile, whether this be the womb of a woman, or the womb of the Land. Thus, the Arthame is also the granter of fertility. With fertility comes birth, and as a consequence of birth, death. Thus the grim aspect of the knife as it is a weapon, and the connection between sex, birth, life and death. The power of creation called Spiramemnt, or the Serpent power, whether it be in the body or the Land, can be directed by the pointing of the Arthame. Thus the power it guides can impregnate objects that it’s point touches. The Arthame is the representative of the impregnating force that is required to help create anything.
19. When are the Festivals celebrated?
Different traditions observe different festivals. Some of the most common occur on the solstices and the equinoxes, and the Celtic Fire Festivals. Sometimes the major Festivals in some traditions are set to correspond to the Dark or Full Moon, and in other traditions they occur on specific days which are usually measured as being the equinoxes and the solstices. In still other traditions, the way in which the actual day by which a festival takes place is particular to the tradition and they have their own method of calculating it. The number of observances in a year varies according to the particular tradition. Regardless, Pagan/Heathen Festivals are set according to the seasons and act as markers.
Rituals were determined by the position of the Sun and Moon and the agricultural year which is best displayed by the times when one should plant or harvest their crops, breed animals, or kill livestock. These times defined when the Gods should be honored. Because Witchcraft differs between traditions, the exact festival day also differs. The Celtic Fire Festival days are celebrated on the evening preceding the actually day, as the night was seen to belong to the next day. The length of a day is commonly measured from sunset to sunset.
20. What are the ethics of Witchcraft?
Witchcraft teaches you to follow your heart and to take responsibility for your actions. There is no good or evil. There is only the intent that one has when committing an action; and no one but that individual can know what is within their heart, but that person. Witchcraft places emphasis on the intent of the action. Within Traditional Witchcraft, there exists a concept that can be referred to as "returning energy." For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. However, once the energy is sent into motion, many things can occur to it while it is within its travels, and so the reaction might be greater or less than the initial action. Emphasis is thus placed on the intent of the action. This concept can be seen within a quote from a magical tradition that says, "The whole of the action is the sum of its consequence." Energy is not constant. In terms of returned energy, this means that the energy can have many things happen to it along the way including deflection, absorption, transformation, etc. This means that the energy can have many things happen to it along the way and cannot be consistently determined or anticipated. The action itself sets the kind of energy which is released when the act was committed.
Often times, Wiccans attempt to equate karma with returned energy, and further expand on this by referencing what they refer to as a three-fold law of returned energy which means that what ever actions are done comes back to that person in triplicate. Karma is an Eastern concept, and translates roughly to experience. It refers to the collective experience one collects during one's life, and how well a person performs a given set of tasks. Witchcraft does not embrace this philosophy. As a personal note, I feel that the idea of the three-fold law is extremely masochistic in nature and not practical. If someone chooses to believe in the three-fold law, let it plague their lives and not mine.
Witches and Cunning Folk do not follow a Rede or any Law except that which is written within our own hearts. We take responsibility for our actions. Things are brought into the perspective of survival and intent of the individual. Many Witches look at this in terms of protection of Nature, House, Clan, Family, and Self. So, many will take action to curse or hex if wrongfully provoked.
21. How do I become a Witch?
Probably the easiest place to start would be by going to the nearest library. You should probably begin by reading the legends and folklore concerning the culture you are interested in. This will only provide an understanding of the beliefs within Witchcraft, though. The real question is something you must ask yourself, "What are my beliefs?" Your personal beliefs must correspond to those within the Craft. If they do not, then the best you can ever do in Witchcraft is to emulate the religion without ever really understanding and practicing it. It must be something that is already within your heart.
Most people who come to learn the traditions of Witchcraft already have some basis in the religion. Witchcraft is more than holding rituals and worshipping the Old Ones, it is a way of life. It is an understanding of seasons and an appreciation of life. It is learning to take responsibility for yourself and what you do.
After you have a basis in the beliefs, the next step would be to dedicate yourself to the Old Ones. From that point, you have decided to follow the religion of Witchcraft. You become a Seeker, which is someone who seeks the religion of Witchcraft. The next step would be to apprentice in a family as a Seeker. This is the point when you undertake a formalized apprenticeship to learn. Most often a Seeker will be taught the tradition of a Family which is set aside for Seekers, and a few might be actually adopted into a Family and giving that occurrence would be taught the Family's Tradition. The term Witch is a title which is earned - it is the rite to teach others your tradition and a deeper understanding of your religion. It means that you have successfully gone through a successful apprenticeship and have passed through the rites to become a Witch and have received the Lineage. This is not something which is done quickly, but is accomplished over many years of hard work and learning.
22. Can I be a Christian, or a Jew, or a Muslim, or a Buddhist, or other religious affiliation, and still be a Witch?
No. Witchcraft is a religion all unto its own. The traditions within the Old Craft have their own belief structures.
23. What is a” dedication" and "rites of passage" in Witchcraft?
Dedication is when a person decides to worship the Old Ones, and learn the ways of Witchcraft. A dedication ritual is something that is composed by the person themselves wherein they pledge themselves to the service of the Old Ones. Just because someone has gone through a dedication but not through a rite of passage does not mean that they are not devoted. Devotion to the Gods is personal, and that is why it is expressed through a self-dedication.
The Rites of Passage or Initiation is a formal ritual wherein a person must has spent a period of study and has reached a certain point wherein they are given a set of tasks to complete. Some traditions have different stages, wherein others have certain points in the life cycle wherein this ritual takes place. One of the most important parts of the Rites of Passage or Initiation is when the Lineage is passed down. The Lineage is the line of essence which has passed from Witch to Witch for all the preceding generations. There are also sometimes Naming Ceremonies. These are sometimes included within the Rites of Passage or Initiation, although in some traditions they remain separate.
24. What are the major traditions in Witchcraft?
That is very difficult to say. Each Family, Household, Clan, Tribe, and culture had their own tradition. As time progressed, and the persecution began to become more severe, the various traditions began to condense and intermingle with other traditions. Many traditions merged with other traditions, and although the religion was preserved, it began to take many different shapes.
25.What is a Grimoire/Book of Shadows
Wiccans have what they refer to as a Book of Shadows. A book that they create themselves composed of notations, spells, and anything else they feel like. Traditional Witches also have something similar to this which we call a Grimoire. A point to note however, that these BoS's are recent things. This causes a lot of confusion amongst many people who believe that their ancient Ancestors would have had a Gramarye or Grimoire containing everything to do with their religion. This partially true as many people several hundred years and further back were illiterate, and to have any written evidence of their beliefs come lead to their death if it was found. Although the Ancestors secretly orally taught the Old Ways to those who were worthy, some also were literate and kept Gramayres.
Today we have Grimoires for ease of reference. With our everyday lives there is a lot to remember and having our spells, reference details, and everything else written in a Grimoire is easier for us. In these more enlightened times we aren't going to be burnt at a stake or hung for being found with such a book. (At least we hope not.)
26. What is a grimoire? How do I get one?
A grimoire is a book of rituals and lore which is usually handwritten by the individual. The name grimoire is used as a general term, as the actual name for this book is kept a secret in most traditions. Even when the name for this book is discussed, it sometimes varies from between traditions.
In most traditions, the grimoire is composed by the individual, and the rituals contained therein are sometimes even written in runes or pictures so as not to be understood by someone else. The rituals themselves are based on the Lore and Wisdom of the particular tradition, but also contain individual flourishes as well. On occasion, the contents of the grimoires may be copied from a main book.
27.What is a Household or Clan and how do I join one?
The differences between coven and Household or Clan are enough to warrant a distinguishment. For the Wiccan they might be considered to be the same. But for the Traditional Witch, there is a huge difference. A good definition of a Household or Clan would be to compare it to the medieval households and tribal clans.
Within a Household or clan there can be multiple Hearths and Families. However, within a Household or Hearth there are also solitary practitioners. Not everyone in a Household or Hearth is necessarily of Witchcraft religious beliefs, just as everyone within a Family is not necessarily of the same religious beliefs. Within a Household or Clan there are different branches set up for those which follow a specific path.
28. Do you call Guardians into Hallowed Land?
Some traditions do, and some traditions don't. Guardians are often called to protect Hallowed Land. As many traditions do not have specific boundaries for their sacred area, the Guardians can roam the area freely and protect the area from unwanted influences. In general, they are a good idea. Guardians are often the spirits with whom a person feels comfortable with and has developed some form of a relationship with. Possible Guardians might be one of the Ancestors, a Familiar, or other Nature Spirits.
29. Do Witches believe in reincarnation?
No, or at least not in the typical sense. There are many beliefs regarding death, but usually there is some concept of the Otherworld where the soul goes to dwell for a time before it returns. Instead of being reincarnated, the person is reborn and transformed. Sometimes the transformation is into an animal form, other times it is to return to Middle Earth a human, or remain in the Otherworld as an Ancestor.
30. What is a Hedgewitch?
A Hedgewitch is one of the paths of Witches and Cunning Folk who journeys on the Crooked Path of the Old Craft. There are many different titles that those who follow this particular path are called: Hedge-Rider, Hedgewitch, Night Travelers, Myrk-Riders, Gandreidh, Badbh (name of a Goddess as well as a title), Walkers on the Wind, etc. These are the Wise who engage in spirit flight and journey into the Otherworld. It is this inner tradition which utilizes such things as flying salves and potions in order to gain access to the Otherworld. There are certain pre-requisites which must be met before one can learn Hedgewitchery.
A Hedgewitch is able to go to the Otherworld, and call back the souls of those who are about to die. They can, in this capacity, be very powerful healers. They are also able to speak with the Ancestors, the Spirits of the Dead. One of the rituals by which a Hedgewitch can cross over into the Otherworld is called the Ritual of the Raven. A bird of one kind or another is usually associated with Hedgewitchery. Two of the most commonly associated birds are the raven and the goose.
A mention should be made that the hedge signified the boundary of the village, and thus the boundary of the known world. Not all cultures had hedges, though. Some had expanses of water, stone wall, or earthen works. Regardless, this term is adopted as a way to commonly identify this particular path. It should be emphasized that not all Witches and Cunning Folk walk the Hedge.
There is a great deal of information about Witchcraft available, but it will be disguised under folklore and mythology. The best way to learn about Traditional Witchcraft is to find someone that you know who practices. You will spend countless hours doing research in the libraries. Many people can easily emulate what a culture was like, but it is very difficult to understand and view the world through the eyes of that culture. For the many Americans who follow Pagan beliefs, it is difficult for them to understand what early Europeans did and felt without ever having stepped foot in Europe themselves.
31. Do you believe in Fate / Karma?
Many people believe in Karma, including Wiccans, however this is not a part of Witchcraft. The concept of Karma is a Hindu/Buddhist Eastern Mysticism concept and not one of Europe. What Traditional Witches do believe in is Fate. We all have a Fate. What that is, however, we may not know until it happens or perhaps we may be born with knowledge of what this is. Our Fate is one of the Mysteries of Witchcraft that unfolds as we grow older. A basic truth is that every action causes a reaction, even inaction. And every gift has a price- a sacrifice.
32. Is Magic important?
Magic is central to Traditional Witchcraft, whereas many Wiccans do not practice any magic at all. All Traditional Witches do in some way, although not in the same ritualistic way that a Wiccan would. It could be a simple spell cast while cooking to improve the taste of food, to an Earth healing spell done in the sanctuary of a private garden. When practiced, the magic of Traditional Witchcraft is very practical. In Traditional Witchcraft the Cunning Arte is the magic practiced, that may include Witching and curses without a specific rule to prevent such acts, though their use is only in the most extreme of cases.
When weaving spells and performing rites a Traditional Witch will simple and practical methods, ignoring the type of ceremony that Wiccans or other High Magic users would do. If a Traditional Witch doesn't have the right herbs or stones they won't worry, they'll perform the magick without it. In many cases they will never use any additional spell ingredients other than their mind and willpower, (commonly a single candle to focus the spell). Traditional Witches follow a folk magic system rather than the High Magic system that Wicca employs. Many people believe that Witchcraft itself is a magical system. However, that is an incorrect belief. Witchcraft is a religion and it employs a magical system. The magic of a Traditional Witch is simple, practical, and powerful.
33. Rites of Passage?
Traditional Witchcraft Households or Clans have very few rites of passage, if any. Rituals may be performed at specific stages of a person's life, and are definitely performed to celebrate the changing of the year. Rites of passage in Traditional Witchcraft, unlike those of Wicca, vary greatly from House to House, Coven to Coven, and Solitary to Solitary depending entirely upon the individual or groups preferences and their cultural history. Most solitary Traditional Witches chose to ignore many rites of passage that other religious groups would follow and pick and choose what they do and don't follow. Freedom to do so is one of the rights of being a Witch.
34. Ethics & Morality
Traditional Witchcraft has neither Wiccan Rede nor Threefold Law. Both of these were included into Wicca by Gerald Gardner to ensure a defined form of moral code, and originate from eastern philosophical concepts. Witches are required to depend entirely upon their own personal responsibility and honor and ask themselves every time whether something is moral or ethical. We Traditional Witches don't believe in any good or evil force. Although we do believe that people can be good or evil there is no specific good or evil force such as the Devil in Christianity. The intent of someone’s actions is what concerns us most. Humans have the ability to make decisions and act on them, and they may choose and act with good or evil intentions. Traditional Witchcraft does not set out laws as to what actions and intentions are evil, but followers of this path take responsibility for their own actions. Witchcraft teaches that you should follow your heart and take responsibility for your actions. If others have free will, then so do witches.
35. Curses & Hexes
People commonly see Witches as the casters of curse and hexes. Whereas Wicca for an example is strictly opposed to hexes and curses, there are no such restrictions within Traditional Witchcraft. However, if the thought arises of casting a hex or curse we must ask ourselves is it ethical. Any Witch will tell you that in the defense of Nature, loved ones and Family - the answer is yes. If however, it relates to cursing someone who cut you off on the highway - then the answer is no.
36. A Witch' State of Mind
Witches are naturally skeptical by nature, possessing an open but critical mind. Being open-minded is a good thing, but not when it makes you susceptible to believing everything that you are told. It may sound like a strange thing to say with regards to a religion, but take a scientific approach and gather as much information as possible on the subject before you form opinions and decisions. Witches strive for wisdom and balance. At times you will need to be courteous, understanding and diplomatic. Sometimes you will be silent and simply listen. At other times you will offer advice or comfort, or be harsh and aggressive. Don't try to show off your talents and draw attention to yourself, as it is unbecoming. It is also important to realize that all paths lead to the same source, so respect all paths, even if you don't agree with them. Stand up for your beliefs, but don't belittle others for their views. Always try to be confident and respect your body, mind, heart, and spirit for it is your temple. Your mind and will are powerful tools, and with a healthy body, can bring about incredible change.
37. Attitude to Sex
Unlike some other religions Witchcraft regards sex as sacred. It is not something to be shunned into a dark closet as dirty and evil, but enjoyed and revered as a blessing. Wiccan's believe that the act of sex/love making is a gift from the Goddess and the God. Traditional Witches see it as a gift and/or blessing from Nature. Many Witches use the inherent power of sex to power spells, which is one reason why Sacred Sex is commonly practiced by Witch couples. The magical aspects of Sacred Sex can be harnessed by a couple working together to greatly enhance a particular spell they are casting. One note however, if you find a coven and they say that you must have sex with the coven leader or members they are talking rubbish. Certain Pagan rituals centuries ago may have involved such things for certain rites, but commonly do not require it today.
38. Traditions of Witchcraft
There are many different traditions of the Craft, and people’s views and beliefs can differ greatly from Traditional Witch, to a Wiccan or to an Eclectic Witch. Where an Eclectic Witch may believe in the male and female spiritual and sexual polarities of Nature, a Wiccan incorporates the Kabbalah and Eastern practices into their Tradition of Wicca worshipping a God and Goddess. A Traditional Witch however, chooses a pantheon of Gods and Goddesses to represent a specific culture, the different areas of Nature and desire to worship. Even within these three main categories of the Craft there are subheading traditions such as Gardnerian Wicca, Alexandrian Wicca, Dianic Wicca, etc. Traditional Witchcraft differs based on the pantheon of deities used, be they Norse, Roman, Greek, or Celtic. However they all share the same core belief and that is that Nature is sacred, and as children of Nature we should learn to live with Nature, and care for it as much as we are humanly possible.
39. Old Craft Names
If I become a Witch do I get to make up a Craft name for myself? The answer no! The Old Ones give us our names which represent our existence and the path in life we walk. From some of the Craft names I've seen, they come across as very pretentious and blasphemous with Wiccans naming themselves after Old Ones and calling themselves Lord this or Lady that. Some Witches think that the idea of a Craft name is unnecessary. Nature and the Old Ones know who you are, not just by your name, but by your presence within Nature.
40. What Traditional Witchcraft IS or IS NOT
It seems that it has become popular to use the term "Traditional Witchcraft" by many people who seek to remove themselves from the scope of Wicca. Many such people flock to a term which is definitely distinguishable from Wicca, and use the term to define themselves without the understanding to which the term refers. Below you will find a summary of information on some of the thing that Traditional Witchcraft is or is not.
• Traditional Witchcraft is NOT eclectic.
Eclecticism is the antithesis of Traditional Witchcraft. Traditionalists adhere to a specific set of beliefs and practices, a way of life, which is defined and set down. There is no mixing of pantheons or other religious or magical systems.
• Traditional Witchcraft does NOT use Eastern philosophies.
Ideas and philosophies such as karma and chakras are not found within Traditional Witchcraft. These things are a part of various Eastern religions and philosophies.
• Traditional Witchcraft HAS a code of ethics.
Contrary to popular belief, traditionalists have a code of ethics. It is simple, take responsibility for your own actions. This is a concept and not a set of faked old English words.
• Traditional Witchcraft HAS structure.
This is not a do whatever you want to religion. There are set traditions within the religion and structure to that religion.
• Traditional Witchcraft is NOT learned within a few years.
Traditional Witchcraft is a spirituality which encompasses your entire life. It is not something which is learned in a year or two, but a continual process of learning, courage, discipline, and devotion.
• Traditional Witchcraft is a magickal religion and NOT solely the use of magick.
Magick is a tool and can be used by anyone regardless of their beliefs. Traditional Witchcraft is a magickal spirituality.
• Traditional Witchcraft is NOT hereditary, although there is an Ancestral Lineage.
Religion is not solely hereditary. The lineage of a Witch is spiritual, and passed down from Gods, Goddesses, and the Ancestors. Although it may be a family tradition, some members of the blood family may choose not to follow these beliefs, whereas others are fostered. It is the Ancestral Lineage itself which is important through the Bloodline of the Ancestors and Old Ones.
• A Witch IS made and NOT solely born, although cannot be made if NOT born.
Traditional Witchcraft is something which is learned through personal experience and transformation. Our way of life is a conscious choice, although Witches believe that the soul of a Witch is unique and is required. To Traditional Witches, the soul of a Witch can only be made by the Old Ones. No one else can put the soul of a Witch into anyone.
There are many who say they practice White Magic or Black Magic as a Witch. This is in fact a poor definition, as Witchcraft in itself is neither good nor evil and it is simply an extension of Nature. And thus, like Nature, is capable of great kindness and great destruction. Like the rains, it can either aid life or as the storm be destructive and dangerous to those who stand in its path. The only person who decides it's use is the Witch him/herself. However, it is commonly held that the only time to use Witchcraft in this way is when you are forced to protect Nature, yourself, your family or those things that you care for. This is no different from the way that others on this planet react, with the skills and emotions they possess. Although in many cases, the Witch is more likely to act with more responsibility as they understand what it is that they do.
Witchcraft is the continuation of the practice of the native religions and cultural beliefs of the ancient Europeans as they continued to be passed down and followed, generation after generation, after the advent of Christianity. Witchcraft is the name that was given to these practices by the Christian Church and was not the name by which those who followed these beliefs and practices originally called their religion. Before the Christian invasions of Old Europe, the people who followed a religion were just believers who lived a natural way of life. There were special roles within a family and a community. These positions often involved law enforcement, settling of domestic disputes, counseling, omen consultation, blessings, administration of medication, keeping the calendar, clergy duties and such. There are names for those who took these positions, but the name changes with the area.
People continued, even under persecution, to worship their Ancient Gods. These religions often dominated in the more remote areas, and tended to localize themselves to specific regional areas, or were kept within the members of a family. In these families, the traditions of the religion and their way of life were passed down from generation to generation. Many were forced to masquerade under the cover of Christianity, even though they were not truly Christian. Ireland, however, was never touched by the Inquisition, and for the most part was free from witch-hunters in general. This allowed many practitioners of Witchcraft to continue their worship fairly unhindered. Some people who follow these native religions of Europe do not refer to themselves as Witches. The term "Witch" is something that was placed upon these beliefs. However, using the term "Witchcraft" is an easy way to collectively identify these religious beliefs and those who follow them.
2. Stance on Wicca
Traditional Witches believe that everyone has the right to their own beliefs. We believe that people, regardless of their religion, should understand their chosen religion and why they believe as they do. Today, far too many people are ignorant of their religion and rely on poorly documented books and authors to instruct them on what they claim to be their beliefs. The following information will hopefully help those who truly seek to learn, to question their own religious paradigm. The key element to any religion is to truly understand your beliefs.
3. Do we practice witchcraft Naked or “Skyclad”?
Actually, no we don’t. Well some people might if it is their preference, but there is nothing to say that you must, and to be honest it’s a kind of silly notion. Let’s face it, the forces we deal with will not really be that impressed by you are naked prancing and screaming. They will probably be either laughing or offended. So let’s just not bother with this one shall we and let the Wiccan’s get on with it.
4. Can I use Witchcraft for personal gain?
Read a few pre-New-Age books on the occult (at least 30 years old), and you'll realize that it's absurd to think otherwise. After all, Witchcraft originated from ancient desires for such things as wealth, power, and pleasure, not just for spiritual exploration.
5. What are the consequences of Witchcraft?
After hearing dozens of "monkey's paw"-type stories as a child, you've been trained to think that selfish people will be punished by some sort of subtle, clever twist of Fate. If only reality was that efficient -- we wouldn't need prisons! In truth, magic is only self-malicious if you expect it to be (just as government spies don't follow you around unless you're paranoid-delusional). Still, if you go out looking for trouble, you're likely to find it. My advice is to act as a witch as you should act anyway - with honor and responsibility.
6. How is Witchcraft related to Paganism?
The term Paganism is used in contemporary times to refer to nature oriented religions which recognize the male and female duality which is found within Nature, regarding duotheism and polytheism. Paganism is an umbrella concept which encompasses many religions from sects of Traditional Witchcraft, Germanic Heathens, to Neo- Pagan Druidism and Wicca. Witchcraft is one of the several religions which fit under the umbrella of Paganism.
Some of the older Europeans which are considered to be "Pagan" do not refer to themselves as such. The reason for this is because the term Pagan to some refers to an unenlightened one. Instead, they will often refer themselves Heathens.
7. Is Witchcraft the same thing as Wicca?
No. Wicca and Witchcraft are two separate religions and ways of life. Wicca was founded by Gerald Gardner in the late 1930's. It is comprised of Western European folk traditions, Eastern philosophy, and Cabbalistic mysticism. Although initially Wicca was based more in magickal pursuits, it has developed into a more spiritual organized religion. Today, Wicca can be seen as an eclectic system of beliefs with an underlying static ritual and ethics base. Although some traditions in Wicca may cater to a specific culture, the rituals and ethics will still have this commonality which identifies it as being Wiccan. There is little self-reliance within the Wicca, there is no required inner contemplation, and instead the practitioners are encouraged to do what is done because this is how it was done before, because this is what this book says. Without the absence of dogma, no path is valid in ultimate cohesiveness- instead, socially controlling religions are born Witchcraft is heavily based in traditions. There is no Wiccan Rede, Watchtowers, or the concept of self-initiation. There is, however, some form of initiation or rite of passage, a strong concept of the Homeland, and lineage of the Bloodline of the Ancestors. Many Wiccans incorrectly refer to themselves as Witches. However, someone who practices Witchcraft will either refer to themselves as being a Witch, or will use another manner of description altogether. What they will not say however, is that they are Wiccan.
8. Do all Witches practice magick?
No. Magick is a tool, and as a tool, it can be used within any religion. Some people who follow the religion of Witchcraft do not practice magick, just as some people who follow the religion of Buddhism do not practice magick. It would be inaccurate to say that magick has nothing to do with Witchcraft. However, there are those who choose not to practice magick. Foremost, Witchcraft is a magickal-spirituality.
9. Are male Witches called warlocks?
In an attempt to ostracize those who followed the old religions from the realms of popular society, the Church categorized Witches as warlocks. The word "warlock" translates as the Scottish Gaelic term for a liar, oathbreaker, back-stabber, or someone generally not to be trusted. Many people use this as a term for a male Witch in contemporary society, but any Witch referred to as such will be greatly insulted by the term. Those who use the term "warlock" should not be trusted for information because they are either ignorant of the term and not knowledgeable about the Craft, or they are most likely teenagers involved with pseudo-Satanism who think that name sounds cool.
In ancient Europe if someone betrayed a Witches family, the members might mark them as a warlock by taking a blade and slashing them across the forehead so that everyone who met the person would recognize them as such and would know not to trust that person. Interestingly enough, this same technique of marking was used by the Church to designate someone who was a Witch and was done to render their magick impotent.
10. Can I be born a Witch?
Yes and No. To become a Witch, one must become a practitioner of the religion. Different traditions have different methodology for becoming a part of their tradition. For most, this involves some form of self-dedication to the Ancient Gods. Even for those born into a Family Tradition, a conscious decision to follow the Old Ways must be made. But many witches consider the soul of a witch unique, which in some traditions of Witchcraft is a requirement.
11. What are some common, basic beliefs in Witchcraft?
Witchcraft is comprised of many individual traditions that may differ greatly from one another at times. However, there are some key elements which most traditions follow. One is the keeping of secrets and the Mysteries. There are some things which have not been written in a book and never will be. There is usually some form of initiation or rite of passage, although it may or may not be referred to as such. For some who are a part of Family Traditions, this is followed through certain rites which occur when an individual reaches specific times within their life cycle. For others, the rite of passage may be done after an individual has completed a time of study along with specified tasks.
12. What Gods do Witches worship?
The Gods and Goddesses are seen as the polytheistic male and female aspects of Nature. They do not reign over the Universe; they instead are the Universe itself. Most of the early inhabitants of Europe followed Gods and Goddesses, even though there might be many more deities in their particular pantheon. Often times the particular Old Ones someone followed would reflect some important aspect of their life such as their occupation, location, or path in life. The Gods are not omnipotent. They have egos and what we would consider to be human characteristics.
13. Who are the Ancestors?
Witches also look to the Ancestors, or those who have gone before. The Ancestors have different names in different cultures, but the concept is the same. Witches often consult the Ancestors for advice and help. Sometimes the Ancestors can also be called on as guardians as well as advisors. We sometimes even offer them gifts and leave food out for them. The Ancestors, although not Gods, are respected and honored.
14. What is the Otherworld?
The Otherworld is a term used to refer to the realm where the Ancestors, Old Ones, and other spirits dwell. Most traditions within Witchcraft recognize the Otherworld, although the name used to identify it might be different. The realm of the Otherworld is often seen as being the place that lies beyond the five physical senses, and just beyond the boundary of our dreams. In Pagan-Heathen cultures, it is seen as being the realms of the Spirits of the Dead and Spirits of the Land. There are places which are commonly recognized as being Hallowed Land where the two worlds might converge upon one another; the Sacred Land are trees, hills, lakes, rivers, caverns, wells, and areas covered in thick mists.
15. What is a tradition in relation to Witchcraft?
A tradition is the system or variety of Witchcraft that someone follows. Sometimes a tradition will have a specific name, which usually is in the language of the relevant Pagan-Heathen tribal culture. More commonly, however, the name of the tradition is simply that of the culture from which that system of beliefs stems from.
A Family Tradition is a term used to refer to those whose tradition is followed and passed down within their family. Those who are from family traditions have often grown up with Witchcraft as part of their everyday lives. However, this is not always the case as some families permit seekers to come and learn their ways.
16. What is a Path in relation to Witchcraft?
A path is used to refer to the specific life goals that someone has within their tradition and in their Family. A path can usually be defined by taking into account a person's interests, career choice, motivations, and goals in life. The Gods or Goddesses which a person chooses to follow are determined by their path in life.
17. What is the Homeland?
It was believed by the early inhabitants of Europe that the Old Ones they worshipped inhabited the Land itself. Many were migratory people, and so as they traveled across the continent they took their Gods with them. As they traveled, though, these people often looked toward the North Star, Polaris, for guidance. It was a fixed point in the night sky that they used as a reference point.
When these early Europeans wished to honor their Gods and Ancestors, they created a connection between their Homeland, the Mythical Homeland where their Gods and the Ancestors resides, and the Land where they stood. In this way, the new Land became a part of the Homeland. The elemental correspondences to the cardinal directions act as a way of aligning yourself with the Homeland.
17. What is the elemental correspondence to the cardinal directions, and why is it used?
These correspondences help to align the Witch to the Homeland. Most early Europeans were migratory peoples and used the North Star, the Even Star or the Morning Star, as a reference point in the night skies. The exact set of correspondences differed from area to area, as each region differed in its geography, climate, and cultural beliefs.
Not all Witches use elemental correspondences to the cardinal directions. Some worship their Gods at specific locations, and others have a different set of elements and relationships to those elements. An example would be those people of certain Celtic Traditions who instead use Land, Sky, and Sea, (the Three Worlds of the World Tree) and preferably worship on a cliffside near the ocean where the three worlds of these elements meet together as one. However, this is not as strange as it may seem, as the correspondences change when one is actually within the Homeland. When within the Homeland itself, the land is already around you.
18. What ritual tools do Witches use?
There are a wide variety of tools which Witches use. Each tradition, though, uses a different set of tools. Perhaps the ritual tool used the most is the sacred blade. Some traditions use common items used in everyday life, where as other traditions demand that the tools be hand-crafted by the person for the specific use in ritual. Some of the other more commonly used tools used are the stang or staff, the cup or horn cup, the cauldron, the wand, the cord, the besom, the stone, the horn or the bell, and the sword or spear.
The Stang has two forms: the horned staff and the scarecrow. The stang looks just like a forked staff or topped with animal horns. The stang in it's form as a scarecrow is a wooden cross with the skull at the top of some horned animal (horse, goat or deer), wearing a white linen shirt. This is the stang which is often used on Hallowed Land. It's function is most often that of a boundary marker and as a tool for connecting to the Homeland. It connects more than one Homeland together and allows one to transverse them.
The Cord is used to hallow an area and the witch’s implements. It’s color in most traditions denotes those who have certain roles of the clan or household (path in life) in the Old Craft. It is used for a wide variety of things, such as Handfastings. Sometimes there are even dances which are done with the cords linked together.
The Llech, or Godstane, has several different forms and uses. Often it is used as a foundation, and is used to stand on, or is used as a Hearthstone. It can also take the form of a Hagstone or Godstone.
The Arthame is symbolic of many things, but firstly, it is symbolic of the phallus and the plow. Both of these things are driven into something to make it fertile, whether this be the womb of a woman, or the womb of the Land. Thus, the Arthame is also the granter of fertility. With fertility comes birth, and as a consequence of birth, death. Thus the grim aspect of the knife as it is a weapon, and the connection between sex, birth, life and death. The power of creation called Spiramemnt, or the Serpent power, whether it be in the body or the Land, can be directed by the pointing of the Arthame. Thus the power it guides can impregnate objects that it’s point touches. The Arthame is the representative of the impregnating force that is required to help create anything.
19. When are the Festivals celebrated?
Different traditions observe different festivals. Some of the most common occur on the solstices and the equinoxes, and the Celtic Fire Festivals. Sometimes the major Festivals in some traditions are set to correspond to the Dark or Full Moon, and in other traditions they occur on specific days which are usually measured as being the equinoxes and the solstices. In still other traditions, the way in which the actual day by which a festival takes place is particular to the tradition and they have their own method of calculating it. The number of observances in a year varies according to the particular tradition. Regardless, Pagan/Heathen Festivals are set according to the seasons and act as markers.
Rituals were determined by the position of the Sun and Moon and the agricultural year which is best displayed by the times when one should plant or harvest their crops, breed animals, or kill livestock. These times defined when the Gods should be honored. Because Witchcraft differs between traditions, the exact festival day also differs. The Celtic Fire Festival days are celebrated on the evening preceding the actually day, as the night was seen to belong to the next day. The length of a day is commonly measured from sunset to sunset.
20. What are the ethics of Witchcraft?
Witchcraft teaches you to follow your heart and to take responsibility for your actions. There is no good or evil. There is only the intent that one has when committing an action; and no one but that individual can know what is within their heart, but that person. Witchcraft places emphasis on the intent of the action. Within Traditional Witchcraft, there exists a concept that can be referred to as "returning energy." For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. However, once the energy is sent into motion, many things can occur to it while it is within its travels, and so the reaction might be greater or less than the initial action. Emphasis is thus placed on the intent of the action. This concept can be seen within a quote from a magical tradition that says, "The whole of the action is the sum of its consequence." Energy is not constant. In terms of returned energy, this means that the energy can have many things happen to it along the way including deflection, absorption, transformation, etc. This means that the energy can have many things happen to it along the way and cannot be consistently determined or anticipated. The action itself sets the kind of energy which is released when the act was committed.
Often times, Wiccans attempt to equate karma with returned energy, and further expand on this by referencing what they refer to as a three-fold law of returned energy which means that what ever actions are done comes back to that person in triplicate. Karma is an Eastern concept, and translates roughly to experience. It refers to the collective experience one collects during one's life, and how well a person performs a given set of tasks. Witchcraft does not embrace this philosophy. As a personal note, I feel that the idea of the three-fold law is extremely masochistic in nature and not practical. If someone chooses to believe in the three-fold law, let it plague their lives and not mine.
Witches and Cunning Folk do not follow a Rede or any Law except that which is written within our own hearts. We take responsibility for our actions. Things are brought into the perspective of survival and intent of the individual. Many Witches look at this in terms of protection of Nature, House, Clan, Family, and Self. So, many will take action to curse or hex if wrongfully provoked.
21. How do I become a Witch?
Probably the easiest place to start would be by going to the nearest library. You should probably begin by reading the legends and folklore concerning the culture you are interested in. This will only provide an understanding of the beliefs within Witchcraft, though. The real question is something you must ask yourself, "What are my beliefs?" Your personal beliefs must correspond to those within the Craft. If they do not, then the best you can ever do in Witchcraft is to emulate the religion without ever really understanding and practicing it. It must be something that is already within your heart.
Most people who come to learn the traditions of Witchcraft already have some basis in the religion. Witchcraft is more than holding rituals and worshipping the Old Ones, it is a way of life. It is an understanding of seasons and an appreciation of life. It is learning to take responsibility for yourself and what you do.
After you have a basis in the beliefs, the next step would be to dedicate yourself to the Old Ones. From that point, you have decided to follow the religion of Witchcraft. You become a Seeker, which is someone who seeks the religion of Witchcraft. The next step would be to apprentice in a family as a Seeker. This is the point when you undertake a formalized apprenticeship to learn. Most often a Seeker will be taught the tradition of a Family which is set aside for Seekers, and a few might be actually adopted into a Family and giving that occurrence would be taught the Family's Tradition. The term Witch is a title which is earned - it is the rite to teach others your tradition and a deeper understanding of your religion. It means that you have successfully gone through a successful apprenticeship and have passed through the rites to become a Witch and have received the Lineage. This is not something which is done quickly, but is accomplished over many years of hard work and learning.
22. Can I be a Christian, or a Jew, or a Muslim, or a Buddhist, or other religious affiliation, and still be a Witch?
No. Witchcraft is a religion all unto its own. The traditions within the Old Craft have their own belief structures.
23. What is a” dedication" and "rites of passage" in Witchcraft?
Dedication is when a person decides to worship the Old Ones, and learn the ways of Witchcraft. A dedication ritual is something that is composed by the person themselves wherein they pledge themselves to the service of the Old Ones. Just because someone has gone through a dedication but not through a rite of passage does not mean that they are not devoted. Devotion to the Gods is personal, and that is why it is expressed through a self-dedication.
The Rites of Passage or Initiation is a formal ritual wherein a person must has spent a period of study and has reached a certain point wherein they are given a set of tasks to complete. Some traditions have different stages, wherein others have certain points in the life cycle wherein this ritual takes place. One of the most important parts of the Rites of Passage or Initiation is when the Lineage is passed down. The Lineage is the line of essence which has passed from Witch to Witch for all the preceding generations. There are also sometimes Naming Ceremonies. These are sometimes included within the Rites of Passage or Initiation, although in some traditions they remain separate.
24. What are the major traditions in Witchcraft?
That is very difficult to say. Each Family, Household, Clan, Tribe, and culture had their own tradition. As time progressed, and the persecution began to become more severe, the various traditions began to condense and intermingle with other traditions. Many traditions merged with other traditions, and although the religion was preserved, it began to take many different shapes.
25.What is a Grimoire/Book of Shadows
Wiccans have what they refer to as a Book of Shadows. A book that they create themselves composed of notations, spells, and anything else they feel like. Traditional Witches also have something similar to this which we call a Grimoire. A point to note however, that these BoS's are recent things. This causes a lot of confusion amongst many people who believe that their ancient Ancestors would have had a Gramarye or Grimoire containing everything to do with their religion. This partially true as many people several hundred years and further back were illiterate, and to have any written evidence of their beliefs come lead to their death if it was found. Although the Ancestors secretly orally taught the Old Ways to those who were worthy, some also were literate and kept Gramayres.
Today we have Grimoires for ease of reference. With our everyday lives there is a lot to remember and having our spells, reference details, and everything else written in a Grimoire is easier for us. In these more enlightened times we aren't going to be burnt at a stake or hung for being found with such a book. (At least we hope not.)
26. What is a grimoire? How do I get one?
A grimoire is a book of rituals and lore which is usually handwritten by the individual. The name grimoire is used as a general term, as the actual name for this book is kept a secret in most traditions. Even when the name for this book is discussed, it sometimes varies from between traditions.
In most traditions, the grimoire is composed by the individual, and the rituals contained therein are sometimes even written in runes or pictures so as not to be understood by someone else. The rituals themselves are based on the Lore and Wisdom of the particular tradition, but also contain individual flourishes as well. On occasion, the contents of the grimoires may be copied from a main book.
27.What is a Household or Clan and how do I join one?
The differences between coven and Household or Clan are enough to warrant a distinguishment. For the Wiccan they might be considered to be the same. But for the Traditional Witch, there is a huge difference. A good definition of a Household or Clan would be to compare it to the medieval households and tribal clans.
Within a Household or clan there can be multiple Hearths and Families. However, within a Household or Hearth there are also solitary practitioners. Not everyone in a Household or Hearth is necessarily of Witchcraft religious beliefs, just as everyone within a Family is not necessarily of the same religious beliefs. Within a Household or Clan there are different branches set up for those which follow a specific path.
28. Do you call Guardians into Hallowed Land?
Some traditions do, and some traditions don't. Guardians are often called to protect Hallowed Land. As many traditions do not have specific boundaries for their sacred area, the Guardians can roam the area freely and protect the area from unwanted influences. In general, they are a good idea. Guardians are often the spirits with whom a person feels comfortable with and has developed some form of a relationship with. Possible Guardians might be one of the Ancestors, a Familiar, or other Nature Spirits.
29. Do Witches believe in reincarnation?
No, or at least not in the typical sense. There are many beliefs regarding death, but usually there is some concept of the Otherworld where the soul goes to dwell for a time before it returns. Instead of being reincarnated, the person is reborn and transformed. Sometimes the transformation is into an animal form, other times it is to return to Middle Earth a human, or remain in the Otherworld as an Ancestor.
30. What is a Hedgewitch?
A Hedgewitch is one of the paths of Witches and Cunning Folk who journeys on the Crooked Path of the Old Craft. There are many different titles that those who follow this particular path are called: Hedge-Rider, Hedgewitch, Night Travelers, Myrk-Riders, Gandreidh, Badbh (name of a Goddess as well as a title), Walkers on the Wind, etc. These are the Wise who engage in spirit flight and journey into the Otherworld. It is this inner tradition which utilizes such things as flying salves and potions in order to gain access to the Otherworld. There are certain pre-requisites which must be met before one can learn Hedgewitchery.
A Hedgewitch is able to go to the Otherworld, and call back the souls of those who are about to die. They can, in this capacity, be very powerful healers. They are also able to speak with the Ancestors, the Spirits of the Dead. One of the rituals by which a Hedgewitch can cross over into the Otherworld is called the Ritual of the Raven. A bird of one kind or another is usually associated with Hedgewitchery. Two of the most commonly associated birds are the raven and the goose.
A mention should be made that the hedge signified the boundary of the village, and thus the boundary of the known world. Not all cultures had hedges, though. Some had expanses of water, stone wall, or earthen works. Regardless, this term is adopted as a way to commonly identify this particular path. It should be emphasized that not all Witches and Cunning Folk walk the Hedge.
There is a great deal of information about Witchcraft available, but it will be disguised under folklore and mythology. The best way to learn about Traditional Witchcraft is to find someone that you know who practices. You will spend countless hours doing research in the libraries. Many people can easily emulate what a culture was like, but it is very difficult to understand and view the world through the eyes of that culture. For the many Americans who follow Pagan beliefs, it is difficult for them to understand what early Europeans did and felt without ever having stepped foot in Europe themselves.
31. Do you believe in Fate / Karma?
Many people believe in Karma, including Wiccans, however this is not a part of Witchcraft. The concept of Karma is a Hindu/Buddhist Eastern Mysticism concept and not one of Europe. What Traditional Witches do believe in is Fate. We all have a Fate. What that is, however, we may not know until it happens or perhaps we may be born with knowledge of what this is. Our Fate is one of the Mysteries of Witchcraft that unfolds as we grow older. A basic truth is that every action causes a reaction, even inaction. And every gift has a price- a sacrifice.
32. Is Magic important?
Magic is central to Traditional Witchcraft, whereas many Wiccans do not practice any magic at all. All Traditional Witches do in some way, although not in the same ritualistic way that a Wiccan would. It could be a simple spell cast while cooking to improve the taste of food, to an Earth healing spell done in the sanctuary of a private garden. When practiced, the magic of Traditional Witchcraft is very practical. In Traditional Witchcraft the Cunning Arte is the magic practiced, that may include Witching and curses without a specific rule to prevent such acts, though their use is only in the most extreme of cases.
When weaving spells and performing rites a Traditional Witch will simple and practical methods, ignoring the type of ceremony that Wiccans or other High Magic users would do. If a Traditional Witch doesn't have the right herbs or stones they won't worry, they'll perform the magick without it. In many cases they will never use any additional spell ingredients other than their mind and willpower, (commonly a single candle to focus the spell). Traditional Witches follow a folk magic system rather than the High Magic system that Wicca employs. Many people believe that Witchcraft itself is a magical system. However, that is an incorrect belief. Witchcraft is a religion and it employs a magical system. The magic of a Traditional Witch is simple, practical, and powerful.
33. Rites of Passage?
Traditional Witchcraft Households or Clans have very few rites of passage, if any. Rituals may be performed at specific stages of a person's life, and are definitely performed to celebrate the changing of the year. Rites of passage in Traditional Witchcraft, unlike those of Wicca, vary greatly from House to House, Coven to Coven, and Solitary to Solitary depending entirely upon the individual or groups preferences and their cultural history. Most solitary Traditional Witches chose to ignore many rites of passage that other religious groups would follow and pick and choose what they do and don't follow. Freedom to do so is one of the rights of being a Witch.
34. Ethics & Morality
Traditional Witchcraft has neither Wiccan Rede nor Threefold Law. Both of these were included into Wicca by Gerald Gardner to ensure a defined form of moral code, and originate from eastern philosophical concepts. Witches are required to depend entirely upon their own personal responsibility and honor and ask themselves every time whether something is moral or ethical. We Traditional Witches don't believe in any good or evil force. Although we do believe that people can be good or evil there is no specific good or evil force such as the Devil in Christianity. The intent of someone’s actions is what concerns us most. Humans have the ability to make decisions and act on them, and they may choose and act with good or evil intentions. Traditional Witchcraft does not set out laws as to what actions and intentions are evil, but followers of this path take responsibility for their own actions. Witchcraft teaches that you should follow your heart and take responsibility for your actions. If others have free will, then so do witches.
35. Curses & Hexes
People commonly see Witches as the casters of curse and hexes. Whereas Wicca for an example is strictly opposed to hexes and curses, there are no such restrictions within Traditional Witchcraft. However, if the thought arises of casting a hex or curse we must ask ourselves is it ethical. Any Witch will tell you that in the defense of Nature, loved ones and Family - the answer is yes. If however, it relates to cursing someone who cut you off on the highway - then the answer is no.
36. A Witch' State of Mind
Witches are naturally skeptical by nature, possessing an open but critical mind. Being open-minded is a good thing, but not when it makes you susceptible to believing everything that you are told. It may sound like a strange thing to say with regards to a religion, but take a scientific approach and gather as much information as possible on the subject before you form opinions and decisions. Witches strive for wisdom and balance. At times you will need to be courteous, understanding and diplomatic. Sometimes you will be silent and simply listen. At other times you will offer advice or comfort, or be harsh and aggressive. Don't try to show off your talents and draw attention to yourself, as it is unbecoming. It is also important to realize that all paths lead to the same source, so respect all paths, even if you don't agree with them. Stand up for your beliefs, but don't belittle others for their views. Always try to be confident and respect your body, mind, heart, and spirit for it is your temple. Your mind and will are powerful tools, and with a healthy body, can bring about incredible change.
37. Attitude to Sex
Unlike some other religions Witchcraft regards sex as sacred. It is not something to be shunned into a dark closet as dirty and evil, but enjoyed and revered as a blessing. Wiccan's believe that the act of sex/love making is a gift from the Goddess and the God. Traditional Witches see it as a gift and/or blessing from Nature. Many Witches use the inherent power of sex to power spells, which is one reason why Sacred Sex is commonly practiced by Witch couples. The magical aspects of Sacred Sex can be harnessed by a couple working together to greatly enhance a particular spell they are casting. One note however, if you find a coven and they say that you must have sex with the coven leader or members they are talking rubbish. Certain Pagan rituals centuries ago may have involved such things for certain rites, but commonly do not require it today.
38. Traditions of Witchcraft
There are many different traditions of the Craft, and people’s views and beliefs can differ greatly from Traditional Witch, to a Wiccan or to an Eclectic Witch. Where an Eclectic Witch may believe in the male and female spiritual and sexual polarities of Nature, a Wiccan incorporates the Kabbalah and Eastern practices into their Tradition of Wicca worshipping a God and Goddess. A Traditional Witch however, chooses a pantheon of Gods and Goddesses to represent a specific culture, the different areas of Nature and desire to worship. Even within these three main categories of the Craft there are subheading traditions such as Gardnerian Wicca, Alexandrian Wicca, Dianic Wicca, etc. Traditional Witchcraft differs based on the pantheon of deities used, be they Norse, Roman, Greek, or Celtic. However they all share the same core belief and that is that Nature is sacred, and as children of Nature we should learn to live with Nature, and care for it as much as we are humanly possible.
39. Old Craft Names
If I become a Witch do I get to make up a Craft name for myself? The answer no! The Old Ones give us our names which represent our existence and the path in life we walk. From some of the Craft names I've seen, they come across as very pretentious and blasphemous with Wiccans naming themselves after Old Ones and calling themselves Lord this or Lady that. Some Witches think that the idea of a Craft name is unnecessary. Nature and the Old Ones know who you are, not just by your name, but by your presence within Nature.
40. What Traditional Witchcraft IS or IS NOT
It seems that it has become popular to use the term "Traditional Witchcraft" by many people who seek to remove themselves from the scope of Wicca. Many such people flock to a term which is definitely distinguishable from Wicca, and use the term to define themselves without the understanding to which the term refers. Below you will find a summary of information on some of the thing that Traditional Witchcraft is or is not.
• Traditional Witchcraft is NOT eclectic.
Eclecticism is the antithesis of Traditional Witchcraft. Traditionalists adhere to a specific set of beliefs and practices, a way of life, which is defined and set down. There is no mixing of pantheons or other religious or magical systems.
• Traditional Witchcraft does NOT use Eastern philosophies.
Ideas and philosophies such as karma and chakras are not found within Traditional Witchcraft. These things are a part of various Eastern religions and philosophies.
• Traditional Witchcraft HAS a code of ethics.
Contrary to popular belief, traditionalists have a code of ethics. It is simple, take responsibility for your own actions. This is a concept and not a set of faked old English words.
• Traditional Witchcraft HAS structure.
This is not a do whatever you want to religion. There are set traditions within the religion and structure to that religion.
• Traditional Witchcraft is NOT learned within a few years.
Traditional Witchcraft is a spirituality which encompasses your entire life. It is not something which is learned in a year or two, but a continual process of learning, courage, discipline, and devotion.
• Traditional Witchcraft is a magickal religion and NOT solely the use of magick.
Magick is a tool and can be used by anyone regardless of their beliefs. Traditional Witchcraft is a magickal spirituality.
• Traditional Witchcraft is NOT hereditary, although there is an Ancestral Lineage.
Religion is not solely hereditary. The lineage of a Witch is spiritual, and passed down from Gods, Goddesses, and the Ancestors. Although it may be a family tradition, some members of the blood family may choose not to follow these beliefs, whereas others are fostered. It is the Ancestral Lineage itself which is important through the Bloodline of the Ancestors and Old Ones.
• A Witch IS made and NOT solely born, although cannot be made if NOT born.
Traditional Witchcraft is something which is learned through personal experience and transformation. Our way of life is a conscious choice, although Witches believe that the soul of a Witch is unique and is required. To Traditional Witches, the soul of a Witch can only be made by the Old Ones. No one else can put the soul of a Witch into anyone.
There are many who say they practice White Magic or Black Magic as a Witch. This is in fact a poor definition, as Witchcraft in itself is neither good nor evil and it is simply an extension of Nature. And thus, like Nature, is capable of great kindness and great destruction. Like the rains, it can either aid life or as the storm be destructive and dangerous to those who stand in its path. The only person who decides it's use is the Witch him/herself. However, it is commonly held that the only time to use Witchcraft in this way is when you are forced to protect Nature, yourself, your family or those things that you care for. This is no different from the way that others on this planet react, with the skills and emotions they possess. Although in many cases, the Witch is more likely to act with more responsibility as they understand what it is that they do.
